Although the Narendra Modi-led government made a promising start with the âNeighbourhood First Policy,â it is increasingly confronted with resentment in the South Asian Region. Discuss.

Points to Remember:

India’s Neighbourhood First Policy (NFP) aims to foster stronger ties with South Asian neighbours.
Initial success was followed by growing regional resentment.
Factors contributing to this resentment include India’s perceived dominance, economic disparities, and unresolved border disputes.
The policy’s effectiveness needs re-evaluation and adaptation.

Introduction:

India’s “Neighbourhood First Policy,” launched under Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2014, aimed to prioritize relations with its South Asian neighbours. The policy emphasized cooperation in areas like trade, connectivity, and security, promising a more equitable and mutually beneficial partnership. While the initial years saw some positive developments, including increased engagement and several high-profile visits, a growing undercurrent of resentment is now evident across the region. This essay will analyze the reasons behind this shift, examining both the successes and failures of the NFP.

Body:

1. Initial Successes of the Neighbourhood First Policy:

The NFP initially witnessed some successes. The “Act East” policy complemented the NFP, fostering stronger ties with Southeast Asian nations and providing alternative routes for regional connectivity. Initiatives like the BBIN (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal) Motor Vehicles Agreement aimed to improve regional connectivity and trade. Increased development assistance and capacity-building programs were also undertaken. However, these successes were often limited in scope and impact.

2. Growing Resentment in the South Asian Region:

Several factors have contributed to the growing resentment towards India’s foreign policy in the region:

Perceived Hegemony: India’s economic and military might often overshadows its smaller neighbours, leading to perceptions of dominance and bullying. This is particularly evident in India’s relations with Pakistan and Sri Lanka. For example, India’s intervention in the Sri Lankan civil war and its stance on the Kashmir issue have fueled anti-India sentiment.
Economic Disparities: The significant economic disparity between India and its neighbours creates an imbalance in the relationship. While India offers development assistance, concerns remain about the terms and conditions, with some nations feeling exploited rather than empowered.
Border Disputes: Unresolved border disputes, particularly with China, Pakistan, and Nepal, continue to cast a shadow over regional stability and cooperation. The recent border clashes with China and the ongoing tensions with Pakistan have further strained relations.
Security Concerns: India’s security concerns, particularly regarding cross-border terrorism, have led to actions perceived as intrusive by its neighbours. The increased military presence along borders and security cooperation with some countries have raised concerns about regional security dynamics.
Lack of Inclusivity: Critics argue that the NFP has not been sufficiently inclusive, failing to adequately address the concerns and aspirations of all South Asian nations. A more equitable and participatory approach is needed.

3. Case Studies:

Nepal: The recent border dispute between India and Nepal highlights the fragility of relations. Nepal’s growing closeness to China also reflects its dissatisfaction with India’s approach.
Sri Lanka: India’s involvement in Sri Lankan affairs, while sometimes driven by security concerns, has been met with resistance from sections of the Sri Lankan population.
Pakistan: The deeply entrenched mistrust and hostility between India and Pakistan continue to hinder any meaningful cooperation, despite occasional attempts at dialogue.

Conclusion:

While the Neighbourhood First Policy initially held promise, its effectiveness has been hampered by several factors. Perceived Indian hegemony, economic disparities, unresolved border disputes, and security concerns have fueled resentment among India’s neighbours. To revitalize the NFP, India needs to adopt a more nuanced and inclusive approach. This requires:

Prioritizing dialogue and diplomacy: Addressing concerns and grievances through open communication and negotiation is crucial.
Promoting equitable partnerships: Focusing on mutually beneficial collaborations that respect the sovereignty and aspirations of all nations.
Addressing security concerns collaboratively: Working with neighbours to address shared security challenges, rather than resorting to unilateral actions.
Strengthening regional institutions: Supporting and strengthening regional organizations like SAARC to foster greater cooperation and integration.

By adopting a more sensitive and collaborative approach, India can foster stronger and more sustainable relationships with its neighbours, contributing to regional peace, prosperity, and stability. A truly successful Neighbourhood First Policy must be built on mutual respect, equitable partnerships, and a commitment to shared progress.

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