| Nastika Shools of Indian System of Philosophy | ||||||||||||
| Charvaka | Believes only in materialism. No life beyond death, no soul no god. | |||||||||||
| Jaina | The names of two tirthankaras, Rishabhanath & Aristhanemia finds mention in Rig Veda. | |||||||||||
| 540 BC | Twenty third was Parsva, son of Ishvaku king Asvasena. Said to have flourished 300 yrs | |||||||||||
| before Mahavira. Mahavira, the last Tirthankara born in Kundagrama near Vaisali. His | ||||||||||||
| father Siddhartha was the head of Jnatrika clan & mother Trisala was the sister of Chetaka, | ||||||||||||
| a Lichchhavi noble. Chetaka’s dauthter was married to Bimbisara the king of Magadha. | ||||||||||||
| Mahavira was married to Yasoda. Left home at 30 & attained Kaivalya at 42. He accepted | ||||||||||||
| 4 doctrines of Parsava & added celibacy to it. Chandragupta Maurya patronized it. Passed | ||||||||||||
| away at Pawapuri. | ||||||||||||
| Buddha | Gautama (known as Siddhartha as prince) was born in Lumbini near Kapilvastu to | |||||||||||
| 566 B.C. | Suddhodhana, the king of Sakya republic & Mayadevi who died seven days after his birth. | |||||||||||
| Gautama was married to Yasodhara from whom he had a son Rahul. 6 years of meditation | ||||||||||||
| led to enlightenment. First sermon in Sarnath known as ‘Set in motion the wheel of law’. | ||||||||||||
| Eight fold paths. Buddhism denies efficacy of vedic rituals & superiority of brahmanas. | ||||||||||||
| Followers were upasakas & bhikshus. Died at the age of 80 in Kushinagar. | ||||||||||||
| Astika Schools of Indian System of Philosophy | ||||||||||||
| Vaisesika | Five elements – Earth, water, air, fire, Ether. | |||||||||||
| Nyaya | Accepts all categories of Vaisesika & adds one Abhava (negation). | |||||||||||
| Samkhya | Oldest of all. Twenty five basic principles first being ‘Prakriti’. Gives | |||||||||||
| doctrine of 3 qualities – virtue (sattva), passion (rajas) & dullness (tamas) | ||||||||||||
| Yoga | Salvation through: Yama (self control), Niyama, Asanas, Pranayama, | |||||||||||
| Pratyahara (restrain), Dharana (steady mind), Dhyana & Samadhi. | ||||||||||||
| Mimamsa | Recognises Vedas as final authority. | |||||||||||
| Vedanta | Adi Sankara is protagonist. Ultimate reality ‘Brahma’ is one. Highest | |||||||||||
| level of truth is that the whole world that exists is Maya. Ramanuja | ||||||||||||
| (founder of Sri Vaishnavism) differed from Sankara on his commentaries | ||||||||||||
| on Upanishads & Gita. | ||||||||||||
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