Arunachal Pradesh, the largest of the Seven Sister states in Northeast India, has a unique electoral landscape shaped by its diverse demographics and geographical challenges. Let's delve into the intricacies of its electoral system and representation.
1. The Legislative Assembly:
Composition: The Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly is unicameral, meaning it has a single legislative chamber. It comprises 60 seats.
Reservation: Out of the 60 seats, 59 are reserved for Scheduled Tribe (ST) candidates, reflecting the state's predominantly tribal population. Only one seat is unreserved.
Elections: Elections to the state assembly are conducted by the Election Commission of India (ECI) as per the Representation of the People Act, 1951. The candidate securing the highest number of votes in a constituency is declared the winner (First-Past-the-Post system).
Term: The term of the Legislative Assembly is five years, unless dissolved sooner.
2. Parliamentary Representation:
Lok Sabha: Arunachal Pradesh has two seats in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament. These constituencies are:
Arunachal East
Arunachal West
Rajya Sabha: The state has one seat in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament.
3. Electoral History and Trends:
Congress Dominance: Historically, the Indian National Congress held significant sway in Arunachal Pradesh politics.
BJP's Rise: In recent years, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has emerged as a major force, winning a majority in the 2019 assembly elections.
Regional Parties: While national parties like Congress and BJP dominate, regional parties also play a role, often forming alliances with larger parties.
4. Key Features and Challenges:
Tribal Representation: The high proportion of reserved seats ensures political representation for the diverse tribal communities of Arunachal Pradesh.
Geographical Challenges: The state's mountainous terrain and scattered population pose logistical challenges in conducting elections, particularly in remote areas.
Voter Turnout: Arunachal Pradesh has witnessed a consistently high voter turnout in elections, indicating active participation of its citizens in the democratic process.
Electoral Reforms: The ECI has implemented various measures to enhance the electoral process in the state, including the use of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) and voter awareness campaigns.
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